Introduction to the physics of diluted magnetic semiconductors pdf

Gaj and jacek kossut optical spectroscopy of widegap diluted magnetic semiconductors wojciech pacuski exchange interaction between carriers and magnetic ions in quantum size heterostructures i. This method, which is a nonequilibrium growth technique, has allowed the incorporation of transition and rareearth metals into the host semiconductors beyond its solubility limit 1. The shubnikovde haas effect was thermoelectric properties and ferromagnetism of diluted magnetic semiconductors sb 2 x cr x te 3 p. The tetragonal bulk unit cell of rutile has the dimensions, a b 4. The book deals with diluted magnetic semiconductors, a class of materials important to the emerging field of spintronics. If implemented in devices, these materials could provide a new type of control of conduction. This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into semiconductors, insulators and conductors. Spring 2008, department of physics and astronomy, the university of tennessee knoxville dated. Electronic spin resonance esr was used to study the magnetic properties of this solution. Under the common preparation conditions, excess zinc is always found in zno.

Diluted magnetic semiconductors an introduction international conference and school on spintronics and quantum information technology spintech vi school lecture 2 diluted magnetic semiconductors matsue, japan, august 1, 2011 hideo ohno 1,2 1center for spintronics integrated systems, tohoku university, sendai, japan. Theory of magnetism in diluted magnetic semiconductor. Indeed, the ancient greeks put this hypothesis forward over two millennia ago. In theory, any semiconductor with a fraction of its constituent ions replaced by ions. There is a large amount of literature on the introduction of magnetic ions into semiconducting materials 4,5,6, there is some evidence on room temperature ferromagnetism with controllable semiconducting properties 6. Xray magnetic circular dichroism study of the diluted. Furdyna introduction diluted magnetic semiconductors dms are semiconducting alloys whose lattice is partly made of substitutional magnetic ions. The authors have been actively involved in the creation of this branch of semiconductor physics. The most extensively studied materials of this type are the amnb alloys, in which a fraction of the group ii sublattice is replaced at. It presents a detailed treatment of the current state of knowledge of the established properties of dms in the form of single crystals, quantum wells and superlattices. Rodina bandoffset engineering in magnetic non magnetic. Realizing ferromagnetic coupling in diluted magnetic. Semiconductors played, and continue to play, an undeniably pivotal role in the explosive growth of our technical civilization over the last six decades.

It is no secret that silicon devices dominate the semiconductor industry. In addition to the iiiv semiconductors, some work has been performed on the iivi semiconductors such as zinc oxide 7. Introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor devices a background equalization lecture reading. We study the ferromagnetism in iiiv diluted magnetic semiconductor dms quantumwells theoretically and numerically taking into account the occupation of multiple subbands by holes in quantum wells. In these materials semiconducting properties, both transport and optical, are influenced by the presence of magnetic ions. It explains the difference between an ntype semiconductor a ptype semiconductor. The diluted magnetic semiconductors dmss, which are ternary or quaternary alloys, in which a part of the nonmagnetic cations of the host material has been substituted by magnetic ions, have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, it was not until the twentieth century that the atomic theory of matter became firmly established as an unassailable, demonstrated fact.

Electricity, magnetism and optics department of physics. In the third edition several topics are extended and treated in more depth including surfaces, disordered materials, amorphous semiconductors, polarons, thermopower and noise. Whereas traditional electronics are based on control of charge carriers n or ptype, practical magnetic semiconductors would also allow control of quantum spin state up or down. Macdonald 1department of physics, indiana university, bloomington, indiana 47405 2department of physics, national tsinghua university, hsinchu 300, taiwan received 24 january 2000we present a theory of carrierinduced. An introduction including nanophysics and applications marius grundmann the 3rd edition of this successful textbook contains ample material for a comprehensive upperlevel undergraduate or beginning graduate course, guiding readers to the point where they can choose a special topic and begin supervised research. Another advantage of using zno as a host semiconductor is. Magnetic semiconductors tomasz dietl institute of physics. Introductory physics ii electricity, magnetism and optics by robertg. Theory of diluted magnetic semiconductor ferromagnetism. Isovalent doping strategy for manganese introduction into. Thermoelectric properties and ferromagnetism of diluted. Introduction spin electronics is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary. Introduction with the rapid development of microelectronic technology, moores law is running out of momentum and researchers are now more poised to exploit the spin property of the electron for better device performance. Institute of physics, polish academy of sciences al.

Atom is composed of a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons. Due to this zinc excess, zno is a nonstoichiometric compound and an ntype semiconductor. Introduction to the physics of diluted magnetic semiconductors. Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor. Ravindran, phy02e semiconductor physics, 26 december 2012. Basic consequences of spd and dd interactions in dms jan a. Crystallographic properties are discussed first, with emphasis on the common structural features which these materials have as a result of tetrahedral bonding. Magnetic behavlor of 11vi group diluted magnetic semiconductors, based on mn 1.

In contrast to the ptype diluted magnetic semiconductors, ntype diluted magnetic semiconduct. Manipulating the ferromagnetic interactions in diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum dots dmsqds is a central theme to the development of nextgeneration spinbased information technologies, but this remains a great challenge because of the intrinsic antiferromagnetic coupling between impurity ions therein. The field of highly frustrated magnetism has developed and expanded considerably over the last 15 years. We focus here on striking differences between the physics of diluted magnetic semiconductors described in the preceding chapter and those whose constituent semiconductor matrix is a wide gap. Originating with canonical geometric frustration of interactions, it today extends over other phenomena with many degrees of freedom, including magnetoelastic couplings, orbital degrees of freedom, dilution effects, and elec. Introduction to dilute magnetic semiconductors nan zheng course. April, 2008 this paper begins with a brief introduction to the eld of spintronics and dilute magnetic semiconductor dms, the. Dilute magnetic semiconductors dms form a class of materials that combine properties of a semiconductor host with magnetic effects due to an impurity dopant.

The developed theory guides us to gain deep physical insight into the mag. Introduction diluted magnetic semiconductors dmss based on zno have recently been attracting much attention, because transition metal tm doped zno dmss exhibit ferromagnetism at room temperature rt in contrast to those based on iii v semiconductors such as gaas and inas 1, 2. Introduction to the physics of diluted magnetic semiconductors is addressed to graduatelevel and doctoral students and young researchers entering the field. The physics of semiconductors an introduction including. In these materials semiconducting properties, both transport and. One of the main obstacles in creating dms materials is the formation of secondary phases because of the solidsolubility limit of magnetic ions in semiconductor.

Magnetic beha vlor of 11vi group diluted magnetic semiconductors, based on fe 1. Schubert quantum mechanics applied to semiconductor devices. Brown duke university physics department durham, nc 277080305. The first generation of spintronics devices were based on passive magnetoresistive sensors and memory elements using electrodes made from alloys of ferromagnetic 3d metals. Exchange interactions diluted magnetic semiconductors. In diluted magnetic semiconductors dms the exchange interaction between the spins of charge carriers and magnetic ions results in the giant zeeman splitting and exciton magnetic polaron emp. V based diluted magnetic semiconductor dms nanoparticles of in1xmnxp x. Zno, diluted magnetic semiconductor, nanostructure, room temperature ferromagnetism 1. Photoemission study of in diluted magnetic semiconductor. While the concept of dms materials was known for a long time, it was only in 1989 that researchers were able to demonstrate such materials in gaas and inas films doped with mn munetaka. This paper begins with a brief introduction to the eld of spintronics and dilute magnetic semi conductor dms, the second part discusses in detail on three typical dms materialsga,mnas, ga,mnn and transition metal doped oxide.

The materials were prepared using either mnii or mniii salts as dopants and the resulting nanoparticles have. Diluted magnetic semiconductors dms are intriguing materials for spintronic applications that offer the possibility of studying magnetic phenomena in crystals with a simple band structure and. The magnetic behavior of diluted magnetic semiconductors. Introduction in order to understand the physics of semiconductor sc devices, we should first learn how atoms bond together to form the solids. Basic semiconductor material science and solidstate physics all terrestrial materials are made up of atoms. It presents a detailed treatment of the current state of knowledge of the established properties of dms in the form. The term dms applies generally to semiconductors in which a fraction of its constituent ions are replaced by magnetic ions.