Igneous rocks descriptions name wasatchuinta field camp. Ii occurrence, texture, and classification of igneous rocks gezahegn yirgu encyclopedia of life support systems eolss summary in this article, the manner in which igneous rocks occur in nature is introduced, followed by a discussion of the general textural features and appearance of these rocks. Intrusive igneous rocks crystallize below earths surface, and the slow cooling that occurs there allows large crystals to form. Provide sample of igneous rocks including extrusive and intrusive for the pupils. Characteristics of igneous rocks typesrocks geography. Rocks formed from lava are extrusive, or volcanic rocks rocks formed from magma at depth are intrusive, or plutonic rocks. The sections of the chart allow students to organize information into distinct categories. In practice, this means that the average dimension of the crystals is less than 1 millimeter. In addition, i can discuss how the rate of cooling is related to grain size.
The physical characteristics of minerals extensive links to descriptions of many physical. By carefully analyzing igneous rocks and interpreting the. Rocks formed from magma at depth are intrusive, or plutonic rocks. Igneous rocks and processes revised on 102011 page 5 of 10 finegrained or aphanitic. Parent material of igneous rocks forms from partial melting of rocks magma at surface is called lava general characteristics of magma general characteristics of magma.
Typical occurrences of igneous rock bodies on the surface include lava flows, lava domes, necks and spines, and pyroclastic deposits. The effect of mineralogy and textural characteristics on. Characteristics of sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks formed of cooled lava or volcanic ejecta are common, but most molten material cools below. Igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks igneous rocks form by cooling and crystallization of molten rock molten material residing below earths surface is known as magma, whereas the same material at the surface is called lava. Can use color to identify a rock as light or dark color. This is a fixed resolution pdf file so it can be printed as a poster subjects. This reader emphasizes how all igneous rocks are formed and explores how the formation is related to igneous rock classification. A ychart is used to compare and contrast three different things. The earths crust is composed of rocks and on the basis of mode of formation, rocks are classified into three major types igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. General characteristics of magma igneous rocks form as molten rock cools and solidifies general characteristics of magma parent material of igneous rocks forms from partial melting of rocks magma at surface is called lava rocks formed from lava extrusive, or volcanic rocks rocks formed from magma at depth intrusive, or plutonic rocks the. Igneous rocks composition igneous rocks are composed up of silicate minerals.
Closer to the source the grains will tend to be larger and more angular chemical sedimentary rocks are formed from the precipitation of minerals from solution, e. Igneous rocks derived from felsic magma contain relatively high quantities of sodium, aluminum, and potassium and are composed of more than 65% silica. May be downloaded and printed for use in lab these are pdf files lab 1 description. Start studying characteristics of sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Different lithological types of crystalline igneous rocks with a wide textural and mineralogical variety were used to investigate the influence of mineralogy and geometric textural characteristics on the strength properties of ucs and bts. Mafic igneous rocks, on the whole, tend to be dark colored, commonly black or dark gray. Find interesting information and a range of examples that help explain what igneous rocks are and what makes them different from other kinds of rocks. Because the earth was largely molten at its origin, magma may be considered the beginning of the rock cycle. Occurrence, texture, and classification of igneous rocks. Age appropriate tools must be used to test and measure the properties. Can use grain size to identify a rock as intrusive or extrusive. Here we give very brief descriptions of most types of terrestrial and lunar igneous rocks, their regional distribution and classification, and examples of their geochemical trends and fingerprints. Petrography the branch of geology dealing with the description and systematic classification of rocks, especially by microscopic examination of thin sections.
When the molten rock magma cools and solidifies before it reaches the surface it forms intrusive igneous rock. Most mafic magma originates by melting of rocks in the mantle that are extremely rich in iron and magnesium. Deposits of dead plants and animals are also called sediments. If available i do the salol practical to show the formation of the crystals when cold and warm. Intrusive igneous rocks cool slowly and form very large crystals. Characteristics of sedimentary rocks rocks geography. Samples of intrusive igneous rocks are igneous rock, gabbro, granite, pegmatite, and peridotite. On the basis of mode of formation the rocks are divided into three categories. Petrology of igneous and metamorphic rocks gly 4310c spring term, 2012. Rocks formed from felsic magma include granite see image link, granodiorite see image link, dacite, and rhyolite see image link. Color of igneous rocks may be light or dark, whereas the crystal size is either small or large, based on how crystallization process takes place.
See files on canvas site for this course for the pdf file. Why its important this photograph shows a microscopic view of gabbro, a type of igneous rock. Extrusive, or volcanic, igneous rock is produced when magma exits and cools above or. Provides an overview of igneous rocks including how they are formed, their characteristics, where they are found, and their uses throughout the world. They are generally classified into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, on the basis of their mineral, chemical, and textural composition. A study of geochemistry through the use of standardised graphs. Examples of such crystalline rocks are granite, usually lightcolored pink or gray. Each county map has been scaled to fit on lettersize paper. Many important mineral and metal deposits are associated with igneous rocks. Pdf file the interior of earth and formation of magmas pdf file magmatic differentiation pdf file igneous rocks of the oceanic lithosphere pdf file igneous rocks of convergent margins pdf file igneous rocks of the continental lithosphere pdf file pyroclastic rocks. For metamorphic and igneous rocks the same reasoning is applicable, with a grain size qualification only being necessary in the coarser grained rocks. Rocks formed from lava are extrusive, or volcanic rocks.
The age of the formation of a given sedimentary rock may be determined on the basis of the. Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks science struck. Bureau of land management net acid production, acid neutralizing capacity, and associated mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of animas river watershed igneous rocks near silverton, colorado. Compare the characteristics of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Teacher notes if your students have completed the plate tectonic units on volcanoes, they should be familiar with different volcanic environments. Igneous rocks form as molten, mineralrich material cools or, you might say, freezes as it rises toward earths surface. Igneous rocks are the most abundant rocks in earths crust. Ks3 science rocks formation and characteristics of. Intrusive igneous rocks crystallize below the surface, and also the slow cooling that happens there permits massive crystals to make. Characteristics of igneous rocks 1 the igneous form of rocks does not include any fossil deposit. Intrusive rocks become exposed on the earths surface when overlying material is eroded away. If there are any chances of fossil deep inside the crust, it erupts out of the earths surface and gets destroyed due to sheer heat these rocks produce. Rocks and minerals unit this is a unit i designed for my primarily preschooler, but my older two kids 2nd, 4th grades will join in as well. Apr 16, 2014 general characteristics of magma igneous rocks form as molten rock cools and solidifies general characteristics of magma parent material of igneous rocks forms from partial melting of rocks magma at surface is called lava rocks formed from lava extrusive, or volcanic rocks rocks formed from magma at depth intrusive, or plutonic rocks the.
Like in igneous and sedimentary rocks, there will be some new terms that may be a little bit confusing but these will be adequately explained. Igneous rock is formed when magma cools and solidifies, it. Identify and explain characteristics of igneous rocks. The heat and pressure can change the composition and appearance of the minerals in rocks. Objectives university of nairobi personal websites. Rocks are categorized into types based on the way in which they form.
Types of rocks and their properties pdf download geography the earths crust is composed of rocks. Types of rocks and their properties pdf download geography. Pdf types and physical properties of igneous rocks of. Felsic igneous rocks, as a whole rock, tend to have light colors or shades. In this article we will discuss about the seven main characteristics of igneous rocks. Types and physical properties of igneous rocks of popov island in peter the great bay of the sea of japan article pdf available in russian journal of pacific geology 82. Students are familiar with, and can testfor the following properties. An igneous rock or a part of an igneous rock with a finegrained or aphanitic texture has crystals, but they are too small to recognized with the unaided eye. Examples of both extrusive and extrusive rocks are given in figure 2 below. Igneous rock is formed when magma cools and solidifies, it may do this above or below the earths surface. While studying the characteristics of these rocks, it is essential to be aware about the processes that are responsible for their formation. The rocktype data were extracted from map 63 and are represented by numbers and colors on top of a shadedrelief base map.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Igneous rocks contain information about how they originate. Sometimes the rocks become so soft, due to their exposure to environmental conditions for longer duration, that they can be easily dug out by a spade e. The properties of these rocks vary greatly, including their chemical composition, grain structure, texture and color. Some of the mafic magma cools in massive magma chambers to form massive gabbros. This type of rock is classified by cooling time and the type of magma it is formed from. Earth is composed predominantly of a large mass of igneous rock with a very thin veneer of weathered materialnamely, sedimentary rock. Measurable and observable characteristics of rocks include size and shape of the particles or grains if present within the rock, texture and color. Examples of intrusive igneous rocks are diorite, gabbro, granite, pegmatite, and peridotite. The classification in table 1 is been based on visual identification using a hand lens. Some of the interesting things we are going to learn about these rocks are their many and varied textures. Igneous rocks with a high proportion of silicates rich in.
Generation of igneous rocks at divergent plate margins. The following are the twelve main characteristics of sedimentary rocks. These rocks are characteristic of the continental crust e. Jul 11, 2017 powerpoint for independent learning on the formation and characteristics of igneous rocks. The characteristics of the rock can help determine the environment in which it formed. Igneous rocks pictures of intrusive and extrusive rock types. Anchor chart exploring the different characteristics of igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. These dikes are feeder for basaltic lava flows which form pillows as they extrude beneath the ocean. Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of magma, which is a hot 600 to 1,300 c, or 1,100 to 2,400 f molten or partially molten rock material. Igneous rocks are classified based on two main characteristics mineral composition and mineral grain size texture. Igneous rocks that cooled on the surface are termed extrusive. In addition, i can discuss how the rate of cooling is related to. These sheets require tracing, some matching, and some. The most abundant rock in the earths crust is none other than the igneous rock type.
Igneous rock, also known as volcanic rock, is formed by the cooling of magma or lava. Powerpoint for independent learning on the formation and characteristics of igneous rocks. Notes on types and characteristics of rocks found on the earths crust. The prime characteristics of igneous rocks used for identification purposes are color and size of crystals.
Major highways and municipalities aid with location. Ychart skills objectives identify different types of rocks. Sir 20085063, net acid production, acid neutralizing. Skarn is a metamorphic rock that has been chemically and mineralogically altered by metasomatism. The list of counties below link to pdf files of corresponding county rocktype maps. Plutonic bodies with different dimensions and geometry form by cooling of magma beneath the earth surface, and are exposed at the surface by post emplacement geological processes and erosion. As the magma cools it solidifies to form the two major group of silicate minerals.
Metasomatism is the alteration of rocks by hot, chemicallyactive fluids that flow or diffuse through the rocks and cause recrystallization and compositional change skarn commonly forms around the edges of a magma body that intrudes a nearby rock mass. Igneous rocks that crystallize slowly beneath the earth s surface. Extrusive igneous rocks erupt onto the surface, where they cool quickly to form small crystals. Sedimentary rocks clastic sedimentary rocks are formed from the mechanical break up of other rocks and are classified based on the particle size, e. Describing igneous rocks in the field involves the collection of a complete and comprehensive set of observations of igneous minerals relative abundance, type, color, size, and quality, textures and other significant characteristics.
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